5 Must-Visit Attractions in Castile and León, Spain

In a previous post, I discussed the best wine regions in Spain, including the Rioja region. Another region, Castile and León in Northwestern Spain, also has a variety of excellent vineyards. Beyond that, it has a diverse array of incredible landscapes, archaeological sites, and World Heritage Cities like Segovia, Salamanca, and Avila. Let’s take a journey to some of the best sites to visit when traveling through Castile and León. 

1. Aqueduct of Segovia 

Built in the first century, the Aqueduct of Segovia is a Roman aqueduct that was used to transport water from springs in the mountains surrounding the city to ancient Segovia’s fountains, private homes, and public baths. It is one of the best-preserved Roman aqueducts and was in use for nearly 2,000 years, finally ceasing operations in 1973. The aqueduct was constructed with inspiration from the mid-first century BCE book De Architectura by Vitruvius. 

The water supply originated from a tank called El Caserón (“Big House”), then flowed to a second tower, the Casa de Aguas (“Waterhouse”). Here, sand was naturally separated from the water. Then, covering 728 meters (796 yards), it elevated to the Postigo, a cliff where the city castle sits. To supply water to the city, it was transported by the aqueduct bridge. At Plaza de Díaz Sanz, the aqueduct made a sharp turn toward Plaza Azoguejo. 

Constructed from granite blocks without the use of mortar, the aqueduct stands over 93 feet tall. During the Roman period, the three tallest arches bore bronze signs with the builder's name and date of construction. Now, two slots are visible. One of them once held a Hercules statue but has been replaced with an image of the Virgin. The other slot, once displaying an image of Saint Stephen, is now empty. 

2. Alcázar of Segovia 

Segovia is a medieval city teeming with ancient history. The 12th-century Alcázar of Segovia is perhaps the crown jewel of Segovia’s many historical sites. It is revered for being one of the best-preserved and most beautiful medieval castles in all of Europe. This impressive fortress is representative of the Old City of Segovia, which is itself a UNESCO World Heritage Site. 

As both a royal abode and fortress for Castilian kings, the Alcazar's design is a prime example of "power architecture." Its impenetrable walls, vast moat, towering structures like the Homage, and strategic placement all exude power. Meanwhile, its luxurious interiors, featuring elaborate decor and intricate ceilings, were designed to impress visitors and underscore the authority of Castile's kings. The Alcazar's rich history is also shaped by its many legends and rumors. 

However, despite its imposing exterior, the Alcazar of Segovia has been a lively home. Many princes, nobles, and children have lived and grown within its walls, adding a softer touch to the castle's stern image. 

3. Burgos Cathedral 

Construction of the iconic Cathedral of Saint Mary of Burgos began in 1221. It was built in the French Gothic architectural style, with Renaissance and Baroque elements.  

Following a quiet spell of almost 200 years, the cathedral experienced a burst of spectacular transformations during the 15th and 16th centuries. This period saw the rise of the main facade's spires, the majestic Capilla del Condestable (“Chapel of the Constable”), and the impressive dome crowning the transept.  

These enhancements gave the cathedral its unmistakable identity. Significant works like the Sacristy and the Chapel of Saint Thecla were artfully added in the 18th century, marking the last of the major embellishments. 

4. Walls of Ávila 

Built between the 11th and 14th centuries, the Walls of Ávila stand as a sentinel around Ávila, Spain, serving as the city's primary historic attraction. These medieval defenses, in their enduring completeness and remarkable preservation, hold the distinguished title of the country's best. In 1985, Ávila's Old Town was named a UNESCO World Heritage Site, celebrating not just the walls but the extramural churches that huddle in its shadow. 

Construction began in 1090, yet most of the fortress wall seems to have been reconstructed in the 12th century. The construction of the nine gates spanned varied periods. Two prominent gates, the Puerta de San Vicente (“the Gate of St. Vincent”) and the Puerta del Alcazar (“the Gate of the Fortress”) are guarded by paired towers that stand a mighty 66 feet tall and are connected by a graceful semicircular arch. One of the cathedral's apses also doubles as a tower. 

5. Plaza Mayor de Salamanca 

 Located in the heart of Salamanca, the Plaza Mayor is considered one of Spain’s most beautiful plazas. Crafted in the signature Spanish baroque style, this spot has become a bustling rendezvous point for locals. Its edges are dotted with delightful eateries, charming ice cream shops, tourist-friendly stores selling mementos, jewelry outlets, and a pharmacy, along with Salamanca’s city hall. 

Construction began in 1729 and finished in 1755. This plaza, etched in sandstone by the skilled hands of the Churriguera family, was originally conceived by Felipe V, the king of Spain at the time, as a bullfighting arena. The popularity of bullfighting lasted until the mid-19th century, 100 years after its grand inauguration.